Protein carbonylation and metabolic control systems

Protein carbonylation.

Protein carbonylation is a type of protein oxidation that can be promoted by reactive oxygen species. It usually refers to a process that forms reactive ketones or aldehydes that can be reacted by 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) to form hydrazones. Direct oxidation of side chains of lysine, arginine, proline, and threonine residues, among other amino acids, in the ‘‘primary protein carbonylat...

Role of oxidative carbonylation in protein quality control and senescence.

Proteins can become modified by a large number of reactions involving reactive oxygen species. Among these reactions, carbonylation has attracted a great deal of attention due to its irreversible and unrepairable nature. Carbonylated proteins are marked for proteolysis by the proteasome and the Lon protease but can escape degradation and form high-molecular-weight aggregates that accumulate wit...

Quantification of protein carbonylation

Protein carbonylation in human diseases.

Oxidative modifications of enzymes and structural proteins play a significant role in the aetiology and/or progression of several human diseases. Protein carbonyl content is the most general and well-used biomarker of severe oxidative protein damage. Human diseases associated with protein carbonylation include Alzheimer's disease, chronic lung disease, chronic renal failure, diabetes and sepsis...

Rules Governing Selective Protein Carbonylation

BACKGROUND Carbonyl derivatives are mainly formed by direct metal-catalysed oxidation (MCO) attacks on the amino-acid side chains of proline, arginine, lysine and threonine residues. For reasons unknown, only some proteins are prone to carbonylation. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS we used mass spectrometry analysis to identify carbonylated sites in: BSA that had undergone in vitro MCO, and 23...